Soong Ching-ling

Soong Ch'ing-ling , also known as Madame Sun Yat-sen, was one of the three Soong sisters—who, along with their husbands, were amongst China's most significant political figures of the early 20th century. She was the . She was the first non-royal woman to officially become head of state of China, acting as from 1968 until 1972. She again became head of state in 1981, briefly before her death, as President of China.

Biography

She was born to the wealthy businessman and missionary Charlie Soong in Nanshi , Shanghai, attended McTyeire School for Girls in Shanghai, and graduated from Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia, United States. Her Christian name was Rosamond.

She married Sun Yat Sen in Japan on 25 October 1915; he had previously been married to Lu Muzhen. Ching-ling's parents greatly opposed the match, as Dr. Sun was 26 years her senior. After Sun's death in 1925, she was elected to the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee in 1926. However, she exiled herself to Moscow after the expulsion of the Communists from the KMT in 1927. She became the first female Chairman and President of the People's Republic of China.

Although Soong reconciled with the KMT during the Sino-Japanese War , she sided with the in the Chinese Civil War. She did not join the party but rather was part of the united front heading up the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang.

In 1939, she founded the China Defense League, which later became the China Welfare Institute. The committee worked for peace and justice, and now focuses on maternal and pediatric healthcare, preschool education, and other children's issues.

In the early 1950s, she founded the magazine, China Reconstructs, now known as China Today, with the help of Israel Epstein. This magazine is published monthly in 6 languages .

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, she became the Vice Chair of the People's Republic of China , Head of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association and Honorary President of the All-China Women's Federation. In 1951 she was awarded the Stalin Peace Prize , and in 1953 a collection of her writings, ''Struggle for New China'', was published. From 1968 to 1972 she acted jointly with Dong Biwu as head of state.

On 16 May 1981, two weeks before her death, she was admitted to the Communist Party and was named Honorary President of the People's Republic of China. She is the only person ever to hold this title.

Media portrayal

In the 1997 Hong Kong movie '''' , she is portrayed by Hong Kong actress Maggie Cheung.